We perform Bayesian inference of the magnetic field and the chemical potential of the holographic jet quenching model by comparing our theoretical calculations with experimental data for the nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$ of the large transverse momentum hadrons in different-centrality nucleus-nucleus collisions at 0.2, 2.76 and 5.02 TeV, respectively. The form of the holographic energy loss leads to a strong negative correlation between the magnetic field and the chemical potential after the calibration. The results suggest that the magnetic field and the chemical potential increase correspondingly with the increasing centrality, and they decrease with increasing colliding energy.